AI OBSERVATORY / PAPERSPapers
Every paper published in this build: the AIO Watch method note and AIO Signals. Search by title, ID or topic, or filter by series and research area. Listed from the AIO papers register; held papers are not included.
8 papers
- AIO-S0008 · 26 Oct 2026
Data centre electricity on course to double by 2030: what the IEA reports
We observe the IEA's 2025 and 2026 figures: around 415 TWh in 2024, 485 TWh in 2025 and around 950 TWh projected for 2030.
AIO SignalsAI and energy
- AIO-S0007 · 26 Oct 2026
EU rules for general-purpose AI: what applies from when, and who has signed the Code of Practice
We observe obligations in force since August 2025, Commission enforcement powers from August 2026, and 22 full signatories of the voluntary Code.
AIO SignalsAI regulation
- AIO-S0006 · 25 Oct 2026
A randomised trial at one eye hospital: an LLM agent takes better histories than residents
We observe a randomised trial in which an LLM agent outperformed residents on history-taking, with no difference on test recommendations.
AIO SignalsAI in healthcare evaluation
- AIO-S0004 · 25 Oct 2026
The UK data regulator turns to AI agents: the ICO secures changes from ten foundation model developers
We observe a regulator securing commitments from ten developers and opening enquiries into reported agent testing incidents.
AIO SignalsAI regulation and data protection
- AIO-M01 · 25 Oct 2026
AIO Watch: Method Note (Indicators A to D)
AIO Watch: Method Note (Indicators A to D), AIO-M01 v1.2, by the AIO Research Team. How we measure AI adoption and governance, from public sources only.
Method noteAI governance indicators
- AIO-S0003 · 23 Oct 2026
National AI instruments in the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman, 2017 to 2024
We observe published national AI strategy or policy instruments in three of five states, from the UAE in 2017 to Oman in 2024.
AIO SignalsAI policy instruments
- AIO-S0002 · 23 Oct 2026
Near the ceiling: internet use in the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman, 2015 to 2024/25
We observe three of five states at 100% internet use; Oman, the lowest at 95.3%, gained 21.7 points since 2015.
AIO SignalsDigital adoption
- AIO-S0001 · 23 Oct 2026
Five systems, all in the UAE: the June 2026 TOP500 list for the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman
We observe five UAE supercomputers on the latest TOP500 list, and none from Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait or Oman.
AIO SignalsAI compute capacity